Besides the object-oriented

If you are using or considering using object-oriented programming (OOP) techniques, then you should at least find out what the meaning of OOP in the end with, why use OOP techniques. Now I make some you should know about the technical terms, and talk about these concepts in terms of the solution you have in significance.
Why Use OOP?
The concept of software solutions for the object with great benefits, good design and reasonable in the circumstances in particular. You can just write the code once again in the future reuse, and in the case of non-OOP you will probably want the application again and again in the preparation of the internal parts of the same function code. So, since object-oriented programming to reduce the total amount of code to speed up the progress of the development of the software while reducing the amount of error.
The code used to create the object may also be used for multiple applications. For example, your team can prepare a set of standard classes to calculate your available resources, then use that code objects in Suo You need Tonglei solution to create objects, such as customer order interface, the stock value of reporting and notification of sales force Faji and so on.
Another advantage of OOP is code structure. Such as object-oriented inheritance concept like variables and functions through simplified and convenient way of software development process. OOP can be more easily divided between the encoding task in the team. Meanwhile, due to adopt OOP, identify sub-class code of attachment has become more simple (such as inheritance object code). In addition, software testing and debugging can be greatly simplified.
OOP, however, there are some inherent disadvantages. If a class is modified, all dependent on the class code must be re-tested and may need to be modified to support the kind of change. Also, if the document has not been carefully maintained, it is difficult to determine which code to use the parent class (inherited code). If discovered late in the development of software errors, then it may affect the application of a significant portion of the code.
Object-oriented programming with traditional development thinking in the programming is different from traditional development requires developers to change with the inertia in the way of thinking. OOP an experienced development team, the adoption of the benefits of OOP is obvious. If you are considering turning OOP, then you must ensure that already have experienced a major developers can be responsible for checking the software defects and architecture.
Here we take a look at OOP technology in the end can do for you; learn about the concepts and terminology.
Object definition object is to build object-oriented programming relies on the basic unit. With a more professional terms, the so-called object is a code example, this code performs a specific function, or package with self-contained nature. This package code is often called a class, object class or module, or in different programming languages in the application of other names. Over the meaning of these terms in slightly different, but they are a collection of code.
As I mentioned previously, the object itself is a class or other data structure instance. This means that existing physical code played a role in creating the template object. Perform specific functions, need to write code only once been quoted many times. Each object has its own identity, that is so different from each object object name.
The object is not the actual copy of the class. Each object has its own name space, in which to save their own namespace identifiers and variables, but the implementation of the function object to invoke the original code. "Package" of the object has its own function, this function is called "method", and object variables are referred to as property. When the object properties within the defined time, they usually can not be extended to other instances. Suppose I have an existing class called vegetable (vegetable), while also creating two object instance carrot (carrot) and celery (celery), then I set the value to the carrot will not affect the value of celery inside. vegetable own internal variables will never be defined as vegetable category is only a template.
In certain situations, some functions do not affect the class of objects created by the class. Class attribute refers to is designed to preserve the value of used objects. Class method is used to define and track the class attribute.
Some of the programming language allows users to call the class of functions rather than creating the instance. If the function is assigned to an identifier (or handle), and in some cases they can be viewed as an object with its own rights. However, in most cases, the function is the method used to achieve a certain result.
Now that you understand the meaning of the object, then I have to talk about how objects are used.
Use the object in the main program, the definition of the object class structure by way of an instance of an object. Object has all methods can be used to create the desired results, while attributes can be referenced and operation. When the object is no longer necessary under the circumstances, the main program can destroy the object.
Object class has a powerful feature, which is that they can inherit other classes. This means that if we prepared a potato (potato) class, then it can be inherited vegetable category and prevent us from rewriting existing functions. Vegetable classes available for all functions can be used potato class. Thus, vegetable and can inherit food (food) category, and so on.
Some OOP programming language also has a dynamic binding (dynamic binding) concepts. The technology has also been called multiple inheritance. For example, potato class can inherit vegetable and starch (starch) class. However, this may cause problems, such as two classes have the same name some of the property. In particular, when dealing with the concept of multiple inheritance the way language is different, some of the language completely disable the concept.
After inheriting a class, we can override methods to obtain the desired result. For example, my vegetable category may have a function named prepare, the way the main guide you how to prepare food. However, in the instance of the type of potato, when I hope that one contains a special definition of the potatoes, so I created a function, its name and vegetable dishes prepared in the same function name function but modification of the original act. If I do not overload prepare method, used in the vegetable class function. This is called polymorphism (polymorphism).
Polymorphism of the other methods related to the type of object coherence. This helps ensure that the reference function has the following relationship: vegetable if I can instantiate the object, then I should be able to instantiate objects potato. This is because the potato is a vegetable. Subclasses. However, because the vegetable is not the potato sub-class, so in turn the instantiation is not allowed. If I instantiate the potato object, then I do not need to instantiate objects of the vegetable.
How to define a variety of perspectives polymorphism, and its end use is the same. Anyway, this is an important OOP concepts. Technology combined with inheritance, apparently Why OOP development function with such a powerful reason for self-evident.
Summary
This article is not intended to explain the depth of object-oriented programming techniques, I introduced the key words and terms only just a little leak current. If you are new to OOP or the first time read about the concept, I hope you now understand OOP technology into the mainstream of modern software development reasons.





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Zhongguancun hand new countryside

The first two villages Engineering Village - Li Jia Fen Village information service platform opened

PRC January 28, 2007, in Town, Haidian District, Beijing Li Jia Fen Village, the first two villages Engineering Village - Li Jia Fen Village information service platform www.hdljfc.cn, after 1 month of trial operation After the official opening. Sales of agricultural products, consulting agricultural technology, Agriculture policy ... to understand ..., Li Jia Fen Village, led by the Li Shigang village head, took the lead with 9 million farmers in the villages of engineering information service platform, onto the broad road of agriculture science and technology. Chinese entrepreneurs attending the opening ceremony, Tan Yang Yang said network executives, the platform is the opening of a new socialist countryside construction of the great beginning of the information, it is the Zhongguancun Science and Technology of China in the name of the Holy Land, on the first document in 2006 instructed the Central "To actively promote the construction of agricultural information, the full use and integration of agricultural information resources, with emphasis on integrated information service platform of agricultural engineering" to make a positive response.

In the December 2006 meeting of the Central Rural Work Conference, Premier Wen Jiabao pointed out: "the central task of the new rural construction is to increase rural productivity, the solution is the development of modern agriculture." Agricultural production and management of modern agriculture, agricultural science and technology, rural market circulation, farmers need information on all aspects of living service platform.

It is understood, had reached more than 6300 domestic agriculture-related sites. However, according to the Secretary of the Ministry of Information to Promote the needs of rural information services, there are still not well resolved four issues: First, the most concerned with the interests of farmers are closely related to the information collection, processing, integration, release, exchange , sharing difficult; two diverse information needs of farmers, personalized, timeliness, accuracy can not meet; third is facing a "last mile" problem, namely, how the information to the hands of the majority of farmers, farmers like to use, with affordable, put to good use; Fourth, the construction of information systems related to operating and maintenance costs and how to achieve sustainability.

Haidian District in Beijing and under the guidance department, in the Haidian District Secretary Comrade Tan under the care of Vick, in the Zhongguancun Administrative Committee and the Working Committee of Zhongguancun Haidian enterprises with the support of the Commission by the red and the Zhongguancun International Incubator of Zhongguancun Software Association launched China Site factory "wonderful world" company, more vivid language translation technology company, CRE aspect, China 10 000 network companies, Chinese entrepreneurs network and many other Internet companies in Zhongguancun, the support of the birth of a two village project - a new rural Zhongguancun hand it is a nationwide 500 000 500 000 villages to establish an independent domain name may be in Chinese, English, Japanese, Korean, Russian, Traditional publishing information in six languages at the same time "online big village" to help the 9 million farmers in China's vast rural areas, to establish interoperability, and can be broadcast globally to connect the modern international market of agricultural exports, the country regularly update synchronization, powerful works of China's new rural information to domestic and international show an international , a colorful new socialist countryside.

Village project has two 65 channels, including nine aspects: 1, sales of agricultural products. 2, agricultural technical advice. 3, rural tourism. 4, land resource development. 5, investment cooperation projects in villages and towns. 6, production of consumer goods Buy. 7, rich exchange of information. 8, rural employment. 9, the new rural and cultural fronts.

Village works to support the two key modern agricultural industrial chain formation and perfection of being test run in the Beijing Association for Information Platforms Mentougou Rose show a bright future of modern agriculture, attended the opening ceremony of the Beijing boutique Rose Growers Association president, said Li Jiyong At present, members of the Rose Society of farmers planting crops income rose 6 times, the corresponding output rate of land productivity and farmers are 6 times! Village project will also support two farmers to plant roses from the rose oil to the refinery, to the production of cosmetics, Rose Valley, the domestic market and international markets into the whole industrial chain of modern roses.
He Enpei two villages project director of the Executive Committee, said: "Every village by village as a source of information, the villagers are most concerned about the information collected, then the village responsible for network maintenance release of information workers. By the farmers themselves collect their release, information to guarantee on the timeliness, the information is true, also had a dedicated review system. "As for the information release, the system construction cost, the two villages, Deputy Director of Engineering Executive Committee, said Qiu Dong, the villagers do not entirely his own pocket. "The initial site construction costs and maintenance fees can apply for government financial support to solve our red Zhongguancun Committee members also plan oriented entrepreneurs reconstruction, for the national reconstruction of each county is a modern agricultural industrial chain associated with the two villages demonstration project, information service platform, party members and entrepreneurs from the two villages for the initial engineering information service platform construction costs, we can also operate through the site to roll its own development. "in ensuring the timely update of information issues, Qiu Dong said that the world wonderful behind a dedicated team of software engineers, guaranteed 24-hour time-line publishing, adjustment, supervision, and regular site upgrades.

The future, the two village projects attached at one end 500 000 Li Jia Fen Village, such villages, one end attached Zhongguancun, a cone structure of the site clusters - the basic unit of the village, the village building platform, the village built the town of platform platform , the town built the platform and the Agricultural Economics Association, the county platform platform platform after the municipal, provincial platform, the provincial platform is the platform www.2cun.com Zhongguancun Village project all of the above information platform for the two sites is responsible for all unified by the Zhongguancun automatically upgraded on a regular basis to Village works to ensure the information platform for the two sites with the times, the new rural farmers can spend in the shortest possible time out constant innovation in Zhongguancun, the most advanced Internet technologies. Policy of benefiting the country can pass through the Zhongguancun platform in a timely manner to all the rural; rural areas, agriculture and farmers need information can be one level to the higher layers of government pass filter; each village platforms can be broadcast to all other platforms agricultural information; the same time Zhongguancun platform also open up international markets for exports, and the introduction of international capital, information dissemination through the six languages, and modern agricultural industrial chain integration, to help China's new rural modern agriculture to international markets.

Opening ceremony drew to a close, Zhongguancun, deputy secretary of the United Party, Comrade Bin excited that the two integrated village project is an ongoing area of Zhongguancun, all the Internet's most advanced technology to ensure the provision of good technical support for farmers to provide comprehensive information dissemination services information platform; two villages project for the first time, governments at all levels leading to true and accurate understanding of the needs of farmers, rural status and agricultural production; to connect to modern agriculture, domestic and international export markets; to urban residents aware of the rural farmers directly Le tourist situation; for new rural culture spread to every rural China; for Chinese farmers have expressed their needs of information distribution channels; to Zhongguancun Information Technology Innovation out of service the first time a new socialist countryside, new rural service the process of getting an unprecedented, broad space for development.






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DDos remains a primary threat to a number of ISP

In addition to mostly distributed by the botnet launched denial of service attack, the experience of other types of threats are botnets and other malicious attacks, including phishing attacks, spam, identity theft.


According to the survey results, Arbor company summed up the zombie network the following trends:


1. Puppet Shepherd (botherder) has been difficult to penetrate the command and control channels on the zombie host to better control.

2. Changing the old zombie hosts, leading to new hosts and zombie botnets are emerging.

3. Zombie master hidden deeper, more organized, it is difficult to find and remove.

4. Zombie network structure more flexible, more powerful capabilities, but also good at camouflage, in order to avoid all kinds of testing and analysis.


"The current host is not easy to be detected zombie out, the reason is they are no longer used for obvious malicious attack." Arbor Networks director of network structure Craig.Labovitz commented that: "Botnets are no longer simply a large number of obvious malicious data into the network, and now their activities is like the blind spot of radar in the ISP in the same flight. This greatly increased the detection of botnets, or difficult to reduce the impact of the work. "


At the same time, Arbor Networks survey also shows some other information on:

1. Network attacks ferocity rise.

The feedback showed that many ISP, backbone network from the billions of bits of magnitude of DDoS attacks in the attack frequency and intensity of the attacks have continued to grow. Consequences caused by this reason the one hand, global growth in the number of broadband internet access, on the other hand because the network of central tendency.

2. "Zombies rule."

While firewalls, operating systems and Internet service providers are best efforts, still can not stop millions of end-system can be distributed denial of service attacks or other attacks.

3. ISP they have taken some measures to prevent malicious attacks. The lack of advanced infrastructure and means, primarily through most Internet service providers cut off all access roads leading to zombie hosts to reduce the harm of illegal attacks. In this way, the network service provider has successfully protected its own backbone network is not being distributed denial of service attacks. However, the impact of this approach may actually receive more than a denial of service attack to authorities.

4. Apart from the individual average of 40 attacks each month, the report, most of the attacks reported to law enforcement agencies are aimed at ISP's.

As the economic downturn, there has been more and more to carry out income-generating botnets as a professional person. Botnets have continued to develop as an industry.

5. ISP needed source of funds.

Network operators begin to re-interest and a focus on return on investment, but once the safety of its infrastructure, especially when botnets, ISP will be in a very difficult situation. Some ISP that they might actually be able to withstand malicious attacks to a location of the damage up to protect themselves. At the same time they think it is very difficult, unless it can secure new investment.

As the emerging network security threats, research will focus on infrastructure security issue threats to the above, including DNS attacks, and VOIP attacks.

Survey shows that half of the ISP have deployed some mechanisms to detect DNS and VOIP threats. Although there are still many bodies still in the planning stages of deploying VOIP services, but few attacks against VOIP infrastructure coverage. ISP for the emergence of new security threats become increasingly alert to keep the moment.

"The good news is that today's ISP are continuing to deploy and improve their systems against attacks," Arbor Networks chief researcher Danny McPherson said: "With new security threats are emerging, while other similar means botnet attacks continue to mature We hope that the annual report of these findings will help guide their decision-making ISP, how to protect their critical infrastructure. "






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